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''Kaddish'' is Leonard Bernstein's third symphony. The 1963 symphony is a dramatic work written for a large orchestra, a full choir, a boys' choir, a soprano soloist and a narrator. The name of the piece, ''Kaddish'', refers to the Jewish prayer that is chanted at every synagogue service for the dead but never mentions "death." The symphony is dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy who was assassinated on November 22, 1963, just weeks before the first performance of the symphony. Leonard Bernstein wrote the text of the narration himself, but struggled with his own motivation for the aggressiveness of the text. In 2003, after talks with Bernstein shortly before his death, Holocaust survivor Samuel Pisar added a new narration about his personal experiences and how his family suffered and perished in the Holocaust, and his subsequent struggle with his belief. The Bernstein estate allows this version only to be used with Samuel Pisar as recitator. ==Instrumentation== ;The revised version is scored for: * speaker * soprano solo * mixed choir (SATB) * boys' choir * orchestra:〔(Instrumentation at boosey.com )〕 * * 4 flutes (3rd doubling alto flute, 4th doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, alto saxophone, clarinet in E-flat, 2 clarinets in B-flat and A, bass clarinet in B-flat, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon * * 4 horns, 4 trumpets in C (4th doubling trumpet in D), 3 trombones, tuba * * 5 timpani, 4 percussionists playing: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, 3 side drums (snare drum, field drum, tenor drum), bass drum, Israeli hand drum, 2 suspended cymbals, 1 pair crash cymbals, finger cymbals, antique cymbals (E, G, B, C), tamtam, 3 bongos, 3 temple blocks, wood block, sandpaper blocks, rasp, whip, ratchet, triangle, maracas, claves, tambourine, chimes * * harp, piano, celesta * * strings consisting of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 3 (Bernstein)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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